Praise of Folly by Desiderius Erasmus (Vintage 1971 Penguin Classics)

“Praise of Folly” is a satirical essay written by the Dutch humanist and theologian Desiderius Erasmus. Published in 1511, the work is considered one of Erasmus’ most famous and influential literary pieces. It critiques various aspects of society and the Church of his time through the voice of Folly, a personified character representing foolishness.

In “Praise of Folly,” Folly herself delivers a monologue, humorously praising her own virtues and highlighting the follies and vices of humanity. Folly criticizes different social classes, including nobility, scholars, theologians, and monks, exposing their vanities, pride, and intellectual shortcomings. She also comments on the corruption and abuses within the Catholic Church, including the hypocrisy of the clergy and the excesses of religious rituals.

Erasmus uses satire and wit to expose the flaws and absurdities of society, highlighting the need for reform and a return to genuine piety and reason. While the essay employs humor and irony, it also serves as a commentary on the political and religious climate of the time, advocating for a more moderate and thoughtful approach to religion and social issues.

“Praise of Folly” had a significant impact on European intellectual and religious thought during the Renaissance. It challenged the established order and contributed to the growing calls for reform within the Church. The work exemplifies Erasmus’ humanist ideals, emphasizing the importance of critical thinking, intellectual humility, and a balanced perspective on human nature.